GLS KALP: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
Effect of FinTech on Financial Deepening and Financial Inclusion in Nigeria
This study was done to determine the effect of FinTech on financial deepening and financial inclusion in Nigeria. The study used annual data obtained from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria for the period 2009-2021. The study adopted five (5) models, with two model depicting measures of financial deepening and three models measuring financial inclusion. The values of ATM, POS, Web pay (WP) and Mobile pay (MP) transactions were adopted as FinTech (Independent) variables in all 5 models. While, ratio of private sector credit to GDP (PSC/GDP) and ratio of total savings to GDP (SAV/GDP) were the adopted dependent variables to measure financial deepening in models 1 and 2. Small and Medium Enterprises Credit (SMEcr), Rural Deposits (RD) and Rural Loan and Advances (RL) were typified as measures of financial inclusion in models 3, 4 and 5. Employing the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression techniques. Findings of the study showed that; FinTech has no significant effect on the ratio of Private sector credit as a measure of financial deepening in Nigeria, FinTech has marginal significant effect on ratio of savings to GDP as a measure of financial deepening in Nigeria via POS. FinTech has significant effect on SME credit as a measure of financial inclusion in Nigeria, especially via ATM and Web pay. FinTech has significant effect on Rural Deposit as a measure of financial inclusion in Nigeria, specifically through POS transactions. FinTech has no significant effect on Rural Loan and Advances in Nigeria. Thus, the study recommended amongst other that: The government to provide, upgrade facilities and infrastructure that support FinTech in urban, sub-urban and rural communities in Nigeria, government and corporate organization as well as NGOs to provide technical support in the areas of digital/IT literacy to citizens and SME owners and operators in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2025 GLS KALP: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
The Fundamental Role of Poverty Eradication in the Sustainable Development Goals
Human rights are essential in achieving sustainable development that leaves no one behind and are central to all its three dimensions – social, environmental, and economic. Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development is advanced as the answer of achieving a more equitable balance and synergic relationship between social, environmental and economic needs. The Sustainable Development Goals are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere. Sustainable Development Goals or Global Goals are a collection of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a "shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future". The SDGs were set up in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and are intended to be achieved by 2030. SDG 1 aims to eradicate every form of extreme poverty including the lack of food, clean drinking water, and sanitation. Achieving this goal includes finding solutions to new threats caused by climate change and conflict. The most pernicious form of poverty recognized under the SDGs is extreme poverty and it should be removed regardless of where a person lives. Eradicating extreme poverty by 2030 is the focus of SDG target which should be fulfilled as soon as possible.
The Critical Role of Accounting Systems in the Financial Performance of Small and Medium scale enterprises (SMES) in Nigeria (A case study of Bauchi Metropolis)
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are significant contributors to economic development and job production, particularly in emerging countries like Nigeria. However, many SMEs struggle to attain long-term viability owing to poor financial management practices and insufficient accounting systems. This research explores the critical role of accounting systems—specifically bookkeeping and internal control in the financial performance of SMEs in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Using a quantitative study approach, data was obtained from 150 registered SMEs in Bauchi Metropolis via questionnaires. Pearson correlation and regression analysis found a significant positive relationship between bookkeeping, internal control, and financial performance. Bookkeeping accounted for 68.5% of the variation in financial performance, whereas internal control explained 94.4%, demonstrating its vital role in financial success. The results underline the necessity of implementing structured accounting processes to promote transparency, limit risks, and maintain compliance. This study offers practical insights for policymakers, SME owners, and financial institutions, while also addressing a large research vacuum on the role of accounting systems on Nigeria’s SME sector. Further study is required to examine different financial behaviors and increase the geographical scope to enhance the generalizability of the results.
Reconciling Constitutional Ideals: A Contemporary Reassessment of the Basic Structure Doctrine
The Indian Constitution establishes a framework where no governmental organ is supreme, mandating that all operate within its boundaries. While the Constitution should provide explicit mechanisms for judicial review, the judiciary has, in exceptional cases, developed doctrines like the 'basic structure' to ensure constitutional supremacy. The absence of explicit limitations on parliamentary amendment power in Article 368 led to the Ninth Schedule's problematic expansion, prompting the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case to introduce the 'basic structure' doctrine, imposing implied limits. It emerged as a mechanism to impose limitations on Parliament's constituent power. However, the doctrine's ambiguity and lack of textual basis, coupled with the absence of clear criteria for its application, have raised concerns about judicial overreach and potential violations of the separation of powers. This paper examines the rationale behind the 'basic structure' doctrine, its composition, and its impact on the separation of powers. It also considers the need for explicit constitutional amendments to define the doctrine and address the risks associated with individual judicial interpretations. This paper examines the academic and historical origins of the doctrine, its evolution post-Kesavananda Bharati, and the constitutional and jurisprudential debates surrounding it in the contemporary era. The doctrine’s applicability to Parliament’s legislative authority, the precedential strength of Kesavananda Bharati under the doctrine of stare decisis, the concept of legislative overruling and its implications for constitutional governance, and the intersection of constitutional morality with the basic structure doctrine. These issues are integral to the broader discourse on separation of powers and judicial review. This paper critically engages with these themes, situating them within the present-day realities of India’s constitutional framework.
Public-Private Partnerships in Indian Highways: Exploring through the Prism of Public Administration Theories
This paper critically explores the strategic development and impacts of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in India's highway transportation sector through the lens of multiple public administration theories. Integrating New Public Administration, New Public Management, Public Value Management, New Public Service, and New Public Governance provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing PPPs. These theories collectively enhance our understanding of how PPPs can improve operational efficiency, financial viability, fairness, public value, and stakeholder engagement. New Public Administration emphasizes democratic governance and equity, ensuring PPPs are inclusive and socially equitable. New Public Management focuses on efficiency and market-oriented reforms, crucial for the financial and operational success of highway projects. Public Value Management directs attention to broader societal impacts, advocating for PPPs that deliver significant public value beyond economic returns. New Public Service stresses citizen-centric governance, urging active public involvement in planning and execution. New Public Governance promotes a collaborative approach, involving various stakeholders to enhance the quality and sustainability of public services. The paper evaluates these theoretical approaches in real-world PPP models, identifying challenges such as aligning diverse stakeholder interests and ensuring robust governance frameworks. It offers evidence-based recommendations for policymakers to optimize PPP frameworks, aiming to balance efficiency, equity, and public value in infrastructure development. This study contributes to academic discussions on PPPs and provides practical insights for enhancing the design and implementation of infrastructure projects in India, fostering more sustainable and socially responsible development in the highway sector.
Evolution of Criminal Law in India: Analysing the Bharatiya Nyayaa Sanhita 2023 in the Context of Historical Legislation
The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 represents a significant overhaul of India’s criminal justice framework, aiming to modernize and streamline legal processes. This paper examines the key features of the 2023 legislation, comparing it with prior laws such as the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860 and the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1973. By analysing the modifications in definitions, penalties, and procedural safeguards, this study highlights the progressive shift towards a more victim-centric approach, enhanced procedural fairness, and the integration of contemporary societal values. The paper concludes with insights into the potential implications for the legal landscape in India and recommendations for further reforms.
Singapore’s Response to China-US Rivalry in Southeast Asia Under PM Lee Hsien Loong
Singapore has chosen a smart and flexible approach in the competition between China and the US in Southeast Asia. This country has built a close relationship with both sides, aiming to maintain balance and take advantage of benefits from both countries. Singapore acts as a bridge and reliable intermediary, participating in negotiations between China and the US. Singapore also strengthens economic cooperation with other regional countries and international partners, to diversify economic resources and reduce dependence on one side in competition. With its political and economic stability, Singapore has become a reliable partner and important voice in Southeast Asia. Participating in international forums and discussions, Singapore offers its own perspective and contributes to shaping policies and decisions in the competition between China and the US. As a bridge and trusted intermediary, Singapore takes advantage of benefits from both sides and contributes to the stability and development of the region.
Public Enterprises and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis
The study examines public enterprises as basis for economic development in Nigeria. Survey research method is used. The study is anchored on modernization theory. The gap of the study is that public enterprises should be properly managed because of the critical role it plays in economic development. This study relies on secondary sources of data as veritable tools for its analysis. Findings revealed that public enterprises that are supposed to champion the recovery of Nigerian economy are not living up to expectation. The study concludes that in other climes because of the critical role public enterprises play towards economic growth, they are properly managed, but in the Nigerian experience, the reverse is the case. The study recommends that since public enterprises are different from private enterprises that are mainly for profit making, they should be properly managed by the relevant authorities to ensure the realization of the felt needs, yearnings and aspirations of all Nigerians.
A Critical Analysis of Legal Framework Pertaining to Health and Well-Being of Senior Citizens
With the rising old age population in India due to increased life expectancy rate and India transforming itself into a welfare state, forming a beneficial legislation relating to health and welfare of senior citizens is of a paramount importance. Owning to this responsibility, the Central Government enacted a special law namely the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 with the aim to provide maintenance in a speedy yet inexpensive manner along with taking care of the welfare by establishing government old-age homes. The article deals with analyzing various legislative measures dealing with rights of senior citizens and a critical examination of the 2007 Act. The research scholars also have conducted a stakeholder survey, which in this case are the senior citizens to determine awareness among the senior citizens regarding the Act and their contentment in regard to the provisions of the Act. The research scholars also perceive the number of applications filed under the Act for maintenance from the Maintenance Tribunal established under the Act. A list of suggestions are put forward in order to deal with the deficiencies with the Act.
Education in the Digital Age: Highlighting the Gap between Physical and Virtual Classroom Environments
With the advancement in technology each passing day, the world has now moved towards a new dimension of reality i.e., The Virtual Reality. From Letters to Email, theatres to OTT platforms, In-cash to Cashless Transactions, window shopping to E-marketplace, workplace culture to remote working concept (Work from Home), classroom education to online learning and many more. The major point of concern is the shift in educational methods since it is among the major factors affecting the development of an individual. The Covid 19 pandemic has brought in a complete revolution in the field of education. The compulsion to maintain continuity in education has opened up a whole new concept of virtual classrooms via Google Meet, Zoom, Webex, and others. The students were forced to sit in front of a screen with muted mics gazing absent-mindedly. Some of the students as well as teachers were and still are lacking the proficiency with virtual tools and platforms. This proved not to be a student-friendly method as the lack of face-to-face interactions led to a sense of isolation and misunderstanding between both. Traditional Classroom methods allowed both the student and teachers to have a two-way conversation enabling them to explore different aspects of gaining knowledge. The traditional classroom learning also enables the student to develop a sense of unity with their fellow classmates leading them to exercise teamwork, leadership qualities, time management, discipline which is deficient in the virtual methods. The study aims to highlight the gap between the virtual and physical classroom environments and the fact that physical classrooms are way more effective and productive as compared to Virtual Classrooms.
News Broadcasting Media and Misinformation: an Assessment of Viability of Various Regulatory Mechanisms in India
In recent times, India is not only dealing with pandemic of Covid-19 but also dealing with another kind of pandemic which is far more dangerous to the citizens of India. And, still there is no progress made to prevent this another kind of pandemic which is brought in the nation by news broadcasting media with the virus of “misinformation”. In democratic country news media plays important role as it is considered as fourth pillar of democracy, but nowadays, it is seen that news media houses are more interested in giving misinformation to make their news content more sensational and to promote indirectly political parties’ agendas. And, the self-regulatory mechanism is failing to maintain the ethical standards required in such profession. This paper attempts to analyze various regulatory mechanism to see best possible mechanism to prevent this pandemic. In this research paper doctrinal and descriptive research methodologies have been used. And it can be concluded that more balanced and co- regulatory mechanism can be most feasible to held responsible news media houses and to bring the standard ethical values which are required in this profession.
The Necklace of Diamonds and String of Pearls: The Duo CounterReactive Game That Deems Over The World
The recognised commercial ties and related choke spots in the Indian Ocean have heightened Sino-Indian tensions there. For which domination over trade routes may result from control over these crucial choke points. The People’s Republic Of China (PRC) and India, two of Asia's most powerful developing nations, aim to expand their influence over the Indian Ocean in order to gain global trade market supremacy. PRC has used a strategy known as "The String of Pearls" to express its aggressiveness by building ports in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Myanmar. India's response took the shape of "Necklace of Diamonds," where it strengthened ties and established alliances with Oman, Iran, Myanmar, Singapore, and Bangladesh, as well as other countries around Asia through the "Middle Corridor" programme. According to the findings of this qualitative research paper: India and PRC attempt to balance one another by bolstering their economies through respective "String of Pearls" and "Necklace of Diamonds" policies in order to enhance political power and stability on a global scale.
Copyright (c) 2024 GLS KALP: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
Palm Oil Crisis in India's FMCG Sector – A Sustainability Dilemma
The FMCG companies in India and world over relies heavily on Palm oil as one of the core ingredients is going through difficult times. Oil Palm plantations have resulted in phenomenal ecological damage and biodiversity in southeast Asian countries which played a significant role in socio-economic development of the local community earlier. The supply chain disruptions along with pressing environmental or social concerns have negatively affected the balance sheets of Indian FMCG companies who was already under the strain of foreign currency fluctuations due to high import dependency. The government has initiated multiple programs under National Mission on Edible Oil to develop prospective solutions to resolve the crisis through sustainable palm oil agricultural practices as supporting environmental norms yet profitable outlook for self-consumption, leveraging government subsidies, inputs and technology through research and knowledge transfer. The study suggests the best competitive strategic measures which can be adopted.
Environmental Factors, Undergraduate Science Education Students’ Achievement, and Interest in Nigeria Universities: Implications for Funding
This study investigated the effects of environmental factors on the academic performance and interest of undergraduate scientific education students in Nigerian universities, as well as the funding implications. A descriptive survey research design was used in the study. The study included 270 final-year undergraduate students from the Department of Science Education at two Nigerian universities: Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam, and Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Both universities are located in the sixth state of Anambra. The study used a sample of 161 students, 56 of whom were male and 105 of whom were female, that was drawn by chance sampling methods. Three experts verified the questionnaire, which was used as the data gathering tool. Using the Cronbach Alpha formula, the dependability of 0.90 was determined. The hypothesis was examined using t-test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance, and the research topic was addressed using mean and standard deviation. The study's conclusions showed that, while gender had no discernible impact on how science education students responded to the aforementioned environmental factors, socioeconomic background, good school infrastructure, extracurricular activities, class size, accommodations, attitudes of teachers and parents, appropriate teaching methods, and poor lighting in school buildings and hostels could all affect students' interest and achievement in science education at universities. Further strategies for enhancing the environmental elements that affect academic achievement and interest of science education students in universities include the government's and alumni's funding of science labs and infrastructure, fostering university competition, using appropriate teaching methods, and properly citing of schools.
Undergraduate Science Education Students
Recommendation System based on Artist and Music Embeddings
In this paper, we present a personalized music recommendation system based on the embeddings of artists and music. The main peculiarity of our work is that the determining factors of a user’s preferences for a developed music recommender system are the artists and the music that they listen to. The artist embeddings inform the network about the contextual representation of artists in a latent space, where similar artists are closer to each other. The music embeddings hold the information about the music. Both embeddings are then combined to form a new embedding, which is then used to predict the user’s preferences. We use the Spotify’s API to collect the data to train and evaluate the model. Two approaches of building a music recommender system are considered in this paper. Each approach significantly differs in the way the embeddings are learned.
Integrating Commercial Interest with Community Concerns: Analysis of India’s CSR Policy
A stocktaking analysis is attempted of the legally mandated CSR provisions and their practical impact on the corporate governance practices and re-orienting the corporate purpose. Along with this the benefit of stakeholder provision is now evident and creates a framework for relooking at the corporate purpose towards a more sustainable business model. The legally mandated CSR provision has led to mainstreaming the Indian thought of business and society being positively co-existing with societal welfare and well-being an end-goal for companies. Indian law and policy experiments could be considered as a significant victory in the context of using the legal tool for ethical business conduct. The analysis in the paper throws light on the fact that the present functioning of the companies displays that the legally mandated CSR provision has led to a shift in the manner corporate philanthropy is viewed by Indian companies.
Social Media during Crisis: Special reference to Covid-19
Among various new trends changing life globally, social media is among the top rankers. It has affected our lives largely and has huge potential to generate awareness during crisis periods. The role of social media during Covid-19 has been multifunctional from disseminating Covid-19 related awareness to acting as a prime source of entertainment during a depressing environment of social isolation and lockdown. The paper discusses recent advancement in the role of social media during crisis situations with reference to Covid-19. The paper also talks about the need of regulations to keep control on fake and unauthentic contents floated on social media platforms. The study attempts to assess if social media was able to build a positive environment during crisis and also if there was any deviation observed on the kinds of messages circulated on social media platforms during crisis periods from those during normal times. The study, further throws some light on the necessity of social media to broaden its horizon and reach more people. The findings of the article can be used by multiple organizations, social media companies, government agencies and scholars to assimilate the social media users’ views and to further extend the research on multiple fields such as policy development on crisis management, data surveillance, regulations and the community behavior.
In the current Internet and Digitization era, a huge amount of information is available in different forms like books, newspapers, etc. To preserve the contents of such documents, these documents are converted to a digital format by scanning them as images. Detection of text from the scanned images and correct identification of characters is a challenging problem in such cases. Tesseract is a recognition engine based upon open source license which uses some novel techniques for optical character recognition. Tesseract has been designed to recognize more than 100 languages. Few of these languages are English, Italian, French, German, Spanish, Dutch and many more. It also works for a few Indian languages such as Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya and others. OCR is the branch of image recognition that is used in applications to recognize text from scanned documents or images. Today combined with the field of Artificial Intelligence this technology is becoming a boon to capture and comprehend the data automatically. In this paper, the researcher has done a detailed study of the working of the Tesseract OCR.
Pattern cutting/making course: A study on the extent of learning provided by design schools and the students’ inclination towards it
The process of making or cutting patterns is called pattern-cutting, sometimes also called Patternmaking. The terminology is differing for everyone; college to college, city to city, country to country, but teaches the same. A pattern is a template from which the main fabric is cut and sewed to make the garments; they are usually made of paper, but they can be of fabrics too. Pattern cutting is usually done using two methods: The flat cutting method (2D) and the Draping method (3D). Under this, they can be further divided into two methods: Traditional pattern cutting and Creative pattern cutting. It is difficult to distinctly distinguish between traditional and creative methods. Every college that runs a Fashion, Textile and Apparel related design course has this subject under various names like Pattern cutting, Pattern making, Garment construction, Draping, Creative pattern cutting or Creative pattern making. The research is done with the students of India in colleges like NIFT, NID, GLS, UID who are studying or has studied under course named as Fashion/Textile/Apparel design. Study compares the extent of learning provided by colleges related to pattern cutting. Research was done questionnaire method using google forms and analysis was done using SPSS software.
Public Debt and Economic Development in Nigeria
This study examined the effect of public debt on economic development of Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2021. The study used data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and World Bank data bank. The study used two (2) models to determine the effect, with Gross Domestic product per Capita (GDP/CAP) and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) as dependent variables for Models 1 and 2 respectively. While, Domestic Debt (DD), External Debt (XD) and Total Debt Service Payments (TDS) were regressed as independent variables. The study adopted the ARDL technique to analyze the data after determining the presence or otherwise of unit root. The findings revealed that domestic debt has positive and significant effect on GDP/CAP of Nigeria in the short run and long run. While, External debt has negative and significant effect in the short run, but positive and insignificant effect in the long run. Also, Total debt service payments has positive and insignificant effect in the short run and negative and significant effect on GDP/CAP in the long run. Furthermore, all variables of public debt have negative and insignificant effects on GFCF of Nigeria during the period covered by the study. The study therefore recommends that; Government should explore all avenues of domestic borrowings before seeking external loans as the debt service paid for home loan is not a leakage from the national economy; Borrowings should be tied to specific developmental projects that can guarantee improvement in the wellbeing of citizens and residents; There should be a well analyzed and realizable debt service payments and loan repayment plan that will not adversely affect the development of the nation and her citizenry; Government should strengthen borrowing institution and agencies as well as individual that borrows on her behalf to be disciplined and corruption free in the process of public loan administration.
Review Of Trending Systems for Automatic Assessment And Scoring Of Student Answers
There is a need for automation in answer evaluation systems in our modern age, as the globe evolves toward automation. Because online answer evaluation is now only available for mcq-based questions, the checker's job is made more difficult when evaluating theory answers. The teacher carefully checks the answer and assigns the appropriate grade. The existing system necessitates additional staff and time to assess the response. An application based on the evaluation of answers using machine learning is presented in this publication. The paper's goal is to reduce manpower and time usage. Because manual answer evaluation requires significantly more people and time. Also, with the manual approach, it's possible that two identical responses will receive different marks. This paper provides a review for different automated systems.
AI’s Trojan Horse: The Deepfake conundrum under the criminal justice system
This paper seeks to address an emerging challenge in the criminal justice system: the advent of deepfake technology. A concept which can be symbolised as AI’s Trojan Horse – deepfakes, refers to highly realistic AI-generated audiovisual content – which have increasingly become indistinguishable from authentic recordings. Their existence poses unprecedented threats to the integrity of evidence, especially in the criminal law field, which serves as a watershed moment in the administration of justice. The paper’s exploration will begin with a foundational understanding of deepfake technology, delineating its evolution and operational mechanisms. This background is vital, as it sets the stage for understanding the complex legal challenges deepfakes introduce, particularly in undermining the sanctity of evidence in criminal trials. By analysing the potential for deepfakes to compromise a defendant's right to a fair trial, the research will highlight a critical gap in current legal frameworks and evidentiary standards, calling for pressing legal reforms and technological safeguards. Further, the question of appointing a corporate personhood to artificial intelligence will be deliberated upon, touching upon the socio-legal implications of the same. The paper will conclude by reflecting upon the future trajectory of deepfakes and their impact on the legal landscape, affirming the need for ongoing vigilance and adaptation in judicial administration.
Evaluation of Customer Relationship Management and Customer Loyalty in Banking Sector: Intervening role of Key Workers Performance
This study aims to examine the relationships between customer relationships management (CRM) dimensions, key workers performance (FEP) and customer loyalty (CL). Moreover, the mediating role of FEP on link between CRM dimensions and CL was also tested. Survey data was collected from 329 customers residing in western zone of Uttar Pradesh, India and data was analyzed using PLS algorithm along with bootstrapping method. CRM dimensions (CK, CO, CA and CE) significantly affect FEP. Additionally, FEP has a significant effect of CL. Moreover, FEP has a mediation role on link between CRM dimensions and CL. The contribution of this study is justified by the originality of the concept analyzed and the lack of any previous work dealing the interaction of CRM dimensions with FEP and mediating role of FEP in relationship between CRM dimensions and CL in Banking sector.
Cybercrime and the Necessity of Self-Protection in Fighting Cyber-Attacks
A cyberattack is an attack initiated from a computer against a website, computer system, or individual computer … that compromises the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the computer or information stored on it. Every man’s activity nowadays is guarded, controlled, and directed majorly by the internet. The internet which seeks to connect individuals and corporate bodies has no doubt been infiltrated by bandwagons of internet fraudsters, cyber attackers, and computer programmers who have fashioned out so many means of attacking internet users like phishing, writing virus codes, installing rootkits, cross-site scripting and a host of others which in turn causes damages by stealing private personal data, attacking companies and their websites, attacking corporate entities, and organizations, etc. There’s equally no doubt to the fact that all these attacks by whatever mode always affect the receiver of the attack ineptly and in so many cases, lead to the loss of some personal data, private documents, and some others in monetary terms/values. It has become so important that individuals and corporate entities adopt various strategies and devise means to protect and guard themselves against cyberattacks. This article seeks to explain the concept of self-protection by identifying some types of cyber threats and explaining various ways by which individuals and bodies can protect themselves on the internet against cyberattacks thereby ensuring cyber security.
China African economic relations with a focus on Nigeria: bilateral advantages
Diplomatic relations between Nigeria and China for instance, was established on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer and stronger as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria’s military regimes from 1970s to 1998. Also, conflict situations as well as competitions over natural resources have provided ideal opportunities for foreign powers such as China to intervene in the affairs of other countries like Nigeria. The Nigeria civil war, 1967 to 1970, offered such opportunity to foreign powers to intervene in the national affairs of other countries. In this case, because of Nigeria’s might vis-à-vis Biafra’s military weakness in terms of armaments, the latter was compelled to rely on world powers for arms and ammunition. Secondly, the foreign powers were involved because of ideological conflict as evident in the support China gave to Biafra because the Soviet Union was backing the federal military government (Okpeh, 2019).
"Body Shaming" : Soft Offence, Softer Target and Softest Law
The transition from childhood to adulthood is marked by dramatic physical, mental, sexual, psychological and social developmental changes. These tumultuous years can have long term consequences for the individual, especially when it comes to mental health. Body shaming, weight shaming or appearance-based harassment can be described as the act of mocking or humiliating someone based on their physical appearance. It often leads to low self-esteem, low body dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms, which is consistent with the growing body of work emphasizing the harmful role of appearance-based harassment among youth. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of body shaming among school-going adolescents and to assess the distribution and relationship of body shaming with various factors.
Out with the Old, In with the New? Acquihire Transactions
This article investigates the application and effect of silicon top start up acquisition as a part of their hiring strategy popularly termed as Acqui-Hiring. In comparison with the tradition acquisition that generally took place in the business. Using the recent happening and data from the Indian and United States census, it is concluded that acqui-hired being the master having ace over their work exhibits higher turnover compare to the regular recruitments. It has been seen that most of the employees lack the voice in the acquisition transaction which resultantly creates organizational mismatch and decrease the turnover. Along with that it has been learnt from the prior acquisitions in which way prior employees can be retained. The trend of buying new startups are the new age legal merger and acquisition development in the most of the technology-oriented business world. The moto such acquisitions are catching up the modern and updated human resources.
Empowering the Elderly: Assessing India's Legal framework and Policy Outlook for Older Persons
As society ages, ensuring the rights of older people becomes increasingly important. This article critically examines the legal framework governing the human rights of eldercare in India. There has been a shift in demography towards an ageing population worldwide, including in India. This shift underscores the pressing need for robust legal safeguards and protections for older people. This comprehensive analysis delves into the existing legislative and policy mechanisms designed to address the multifaceted challenges faced by older individuals in the country. The article commences by delineating the demographic landscape of ageing in India and highlighting the exponential growth of the population of older persons. It underscores the urgency of recognising and safeguarding the human rights of this vulnerable group. It also discusses the key international instrument for eldercare. Subsequently, the article reviews the key legal instruments, including “the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007”, and the “National Policy for Older Persons”, critically evaluating their efficacy in ensuring the rights and well-being of older people. It looks upon the implementation of these legal provisions, shedding light on the gaps and challenges in their enforcement. The primary objective of this article is to discuss the positives and weaknesses of the legal framework governing eldercare in India. In the end part, it offers recommendations to bolster the human rights of the elderly, ensuring their dignity, well-being, and meaningful inclusion in the socio-economic fabric of the nation.
Debating Tipra Identity and its Manifestation
When we talk of identity, we begin to interrogating ourselves, who we are, who I am? We generally delve into state’s history and its people. But what do we mean by identity? In what way and on what basis this identity is constructed or formed whether its language, religion history, physical attributes, custom, mores, or norms? The Kokborok speaking indigenous people of Tripura are recognised with such name as ‘pahari’, ‘upajati ‘, ‘janjati ‘, ‘adivasi’ by the mainstream people. Due to different version of nomenclature as identified by the dominant community, the indigenous people of Tripura face identity problem. State’s history narratives play a central role in constructing and sustaining their uniqueness in the world. Even script/language and practices has a basic role in supporting this identity acquired by the predecessor. But when such history, chronicles, script, language, culture, toponymy becomes distorted, then there might occur multiple problem of identification for building a national identity. This paper introduces the concept of ‘Tipra’ as a collective identity of the indigenous people in the state for self-determination and recognition. This article examines how state’s history, chronicles, script and language as source is important in constructing the identity of the ‘Tipra’. It further explains how documentary as a method of enquiry is used to analyze and interpret the evidences.
Impact of Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP) on the economic performance of Cassava Farmers in Edo State, Nigeria
The dearth of infrastructural facilities in rural communities continues to impede on agricultural productivity, thereby complicating the profitability and efficiency of the rural farmers. This study examined the impact of the Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP) interventions in rural communities on the economic performance of cassava farmers in Edo State, Nigeria. The data used in the study were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of cassava farmers in the state. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 479 farmers for this study. The sampled farmers consist of 245 cassava farmers from CSDP beneficiary communities and 234 cassava farmers from non-beneficiary communities. Net farm income, land, labour productivities and technical efficiency were the key economic performance evaluated. Land productivity (x ̅ = 8969.97 to 9007.61), labour productivity (x ̅ =251.22 to 284.52) were significant (p<0.05). The difference in beneficiary communities farmers and non-beneficiary farmers net farm income per hectare (N561,284 to N533,448) was significant at p>0.05 level. Regression analysis showed that farm size (b = 1.436), labour (b = 0.143) and cassava cuttings (b = 0.301) were significant (p<0.05) and positively affected the output of cassava among farmers in the beneficiary communities and recorded higher technical efficiency of 96.5%. Healthcare centres and boreholes projects contributed positively to technical efficiency of the farmers. Thus the paper recommends that Healthcare centres and boreholes should be extended to more farming communities as these increases the efficiency of the farmers. Cassava farming should be encouraged in the state because of the profitability and ability to alleviate poverty among the rural populace. The Community Driven Development (CDD) approach adopted by the CSDP should also be adopted by the State and Local Government in project execution in the State. This bottom – up approach of the CDD gives better access to projects. In CDD programs, communities determine their own development, agenda and implement externally funded development projects by themselves.
Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP)