Approaching Food Security In A Multidimensional Legal Paradigm: A Critical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69974/glskalp.01.01.46Keywords:
Malthusian theory, Amartys Sen’s theory, Food, World Food Summit, Hunger IntroductionAbstract
Gradually, the problem of famine started plaguing certain countries on a regular basis. They started looking for assistance from developed nations such as Canada, United States etc where there was sufficiency of food grains. A commitment to the right to food was articulated in the International Code of Conduct on the Human Right to Adequate Food, initially proposed before the World Food Summit. The international community has identified the reduction of poverty and hunger as one of the overarching goals for development policy in the new millennium. Biotechnology must also sustain established productive capacities in the face of environ mental and bioterrorist challenges, overcome nutritional shortcomings of existing foods and improve National Gross Domestic Products (GDPs). The “Human security” concept focuses upon a canvas consisting of various normative frames for global policy making which prove to be the litmus test of minimum requirements. The pace of implementation of policies might be varied but these defined minimum requirements demand their incremental progression and ultimate realization. Food security cannot be ensured only by increasing the per head availability of food grains. The definition aspect of the right to food is all differently defined by various organizations. It is to be understood, that a definition all-inclusive has to be referred which consists of factors like accessibility, sustainability etc.
References
FAO, The Multiple dimensions of food security , Report by FAO, (2013), available at www.fao.org , (Last visited on December 20, 2013).
Maplecroft 2012, The Towers, St Stephen’s Road, Bath BA1 5JZ, United Kingdom, available at www.maplecroft.com (Last visited on December 20, 2013).
FAO ( Food and Agricultural Organized) of United Nations. It is an inclusive definition.
Rome Declaration on World Food Security (World Food Summit, 1996) adopted by: United Nations, Government of Canada, World Health Organization
FAO prescribes more parameters in terms such as vulnerability and shocks as well. Vulnerability would mean the cereal import ration, percentage of arable land equipped for irrigation etc. Shocks would mean food price volatility etc.
The food production index is the sum of price-weighted volume of net food production (i.e., production minus the amount used for feed and seed) excluding coffee and tea, relative to the same value in a base year, multiplied by 100.
United Nations (UN) (2010a). UN Resolution A/RES/64/292. UN General Assembly, NY, USA.
L. Nash, GOOD INTENTIONS ASIDE: A MANAGER’S GUIDE TO RESOLVING ETHICAL PROBLEMS, (1990).
James, H., On finding solutions to ethical problems in agriculture, 16(5), JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 439–4571, (2003).
It is a principle of economics which says that one can be made better off without making the other worse off. In terms of food security the economic principles play a pivotal role in determining the concept of food security.
Amartya Sen, The Food Problem: Theory and Policy. 4(3), THIRD WORLD QUARTERLY 447–459 (1982).
Amartya Sen, Food and freedom, Sir John Crawford Memorial Lecture Washington, D.C., (October 29, 1987).
Thee World Bank Group, Millennium Development Goals: About the Goals, available at www.developmentgoals.org/About_the_goals.htm (Last visited on December 20, 2013).
T. R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (2003).
P. R. Ehrlich, A. H. Ehrlich, THE POPULATION EXPLOSION (1990).
J. L. Simon, THE ULTIMATE RESOURCE,2 (1998).
Id.
International Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (2001).
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), The impact of HIV/AIDS on food security, Committee on World Food Security, (2001), 27th Session, (Rome, 28 May to 1 June, 2001).
Id.
J. Bruinsma, Ed., World Agriculture: Towards 2015/ 2030: An FAO Study (Earthscan, London, 2003).
M. W. Rosegrant, S. Meijer, S. A. Cline, Interna-tional Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT): Model description (IFPRI, Washington, DC, 2002), available at www.ifpri.org/themes/impact/impactmodel.pdf.
Id.
Mark W. Rosegrant and Sarah A. Cline, Global Food Security: Challenges and Policies, 302 (5652) SCIENCE, NEW SERIES, ( 2003).
IFAD, Nora McKeon, Global Governance for World Food Security: A Scorecard Four Years After the Eruption of the “Food Crisis”,(2010).
Joseph J. Molnar, Sound Policies for Food Security: The Role of Culture and Social Organization, REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Vol. 21, No. 2(1999).
Babu, S.C., and V.J. Quinn. Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring in Africa, 9, FOOD POLICY, 211-17 (1994).
S. Devereux, Food Security Policy in Africa: Between Disaster Relief and Structural Adjustment: Re- flections on the Conception and Effectiveness of Policies: The Case of Tanzania, 21, FOOD POLICY, 571-72 (1996).
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. The Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action. (1999), available at http:/ /www.fao.org/WFS/ policy/policy.htm (Last visited on December 20, 2013).
W.W. Murdoch, THE POVERTY OF NATIONS: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HUNGER AND POPULATION, (1980).
Joseph J. Molnar, Sound Policies for Food Security: The Role of Culture and Social Organization, Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Autumn - Winter, 1999).
Thomas Pogge, POLITICS AS USUAL: WHAT LIES BEHIND THE PRO-POOR RHETORIC, (2010).
Handy Williamson, Jr., Globalization and Poverty: Lessons from the Theory and Practice of Food Security, presented at ASSA winter meetings (New Orleans, LA, January 2001).
Pinstrup-Andersen, P. Designing Long-Term Scenarios: Prospects for Global Agriculture, presented at Globalization and Linkages to 2020: Challenges and Opportunities for OECD Countries, (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, June 1996).
Id.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action:. Rome, (1996).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Food Summit: Synthesis of the Technical Background Documents, (1996).
Cohen, J., HOW MANY PEOPLE CAN THE EARTH SUPPORT?, (1995).
Ananya Mukherjee, Business Regulation and Non-state actors: Whose Standards? Whose Development? ROUTLEDGE STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, (2012).
Food First, Backgrounder, INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY, 16(4), (2010).
Food First, Backgrounder, INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY, 16(4), (2010).
Id.
Id.
Food First: Backgrounder, INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY, 16(4), (2010).
Performance of civil servants and political officeholders is enhanced by merit hiring, proper training, competitive salaries, a free press to expose corruption, checks and balances between branches of government, and minimizing government interventions that create economic rents, bribes, and kickbacks, security, stability, order.
T.W. Schultz, THE ECONOMICS OF BEING POOR (1993). Property rights- To encourage investment and improvements in property, investors must be able to "reap what is sown."
Handy Williamson, Jr., Globalization and Poverty: Lessons from the Theory and Practice of Food Security, presented at ASSA winter meetings (New Orleans, LA, January 2001).